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The History of Coffee | |||
 | English word
"Coffee" derivate after from Turkish kahve, which came via Arabic
qahwa, which came from Ethiopian kaffa (name of land, while they call
the beans bunna). The first mention of coffee has been recorded in ninth century. At first, Arabica coffee vegetates in rain forests in the central plains of Ethiopia (Abyssinia) in Kingdom of Kaffa, wherein it still grows wild today. Then it moves to North Africa and Arabian Peninsula, and to Persia and whole Arab world. Later coffee comes in India and Europe. Coffee beans were first exported from Ethiopia to Yemen. The first coffee house was Kiva Han, which opened in Istanbul in 1471. Than Coffee was forbidden in 1511,but in 1524 Ottoman Turkish Sultan Selim I, allowed the consumption of coffee. Coffee was first imported Europe to Italy (through Venice port). At first coffee was seen as Muslim drink, but when Pope Clement VIII in 1600C "baptized" coffee, the door for spreading in Christians lands was widely open. At first, the beverage was sold on the street by lemonade vendors, but in 1645. The first European coffee house (apart from those in the Ottoman Empire) was opened in Venice, Italy. In 1616, a coffee plant was brought to Holland but it failed to grow in Europe. Then the Dutch successfully grew coffee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Java. At those times, most of coffee comes to Europe through Arabian port of Mocha and island of Java. The first coffeehouse opened in Marseilles in 1671. Coffee became available in England at the end of 16th century. In 1637 when a Turk introduced the drink to Oxford where students and teachers established the "Oxford Coffee Club". The first coffeehouse in Oxford opened in 1650 and was called the "Angel". By 1660, London's coffeehouses had become an integral part of its social culture. By 1675, there were more than 3,000 coffeehouses in England. In 1669, Soleiman Agha, Ambassador from Sultan Mehmed IV, arrived in Paris with his entourage bringing with him a large quantity of coffee beans. Not only did they provide their French and European guests with coffee to drink, but they also donated some beans to the royal court. Between July 1669 and May 1670, the Ambassador managed to firmly establish the custom of drinking coffee among Parisians. The first coffeehouse in Austria opened in Vienna in 1683 after the Second Siege of Vienna, by using supplies from the spoils obtained after defeating the Turks (around 500 sacks of coffee). The officer who received the coffee beans, Polish military officer of Ukrainian origin Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, served small cups of Turkish Coffee to the Viennese, first going door to door, and then in a large tent that he opened to the public. Soon, he had taught the Viennese how to prepare and enjoy the beverage. The Viennese coffeehouses that opened during this period set an example for coffeehouses in many other countries. Coffee was introduced to Germany in 1675. The first coffeehouses opened in 1679-1680 in Hamburg, Bremen and Hanover. At first, coffee was considered a beverage of the nobility. The middle and lower classes were not introduced to coffee until the early 18th century, and it was only much later that it came to be prepared and consumed at home. In 1721, the first coffee house opened in Berlin. The Dutch began growing coffee at their forts in Malabar, India, and in 1699 took some to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia. Within a few years the Dutch colonies (Java in Asia, Surinam in Americas) had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe Coffee reached North America in 1668. The first coffeehouse in New York, "The King's Arms", opened in 1696. Coffee tree was brought to Martinique in the Caribbean circa 1720, and from there to Haiti and Mexico. Coffee tree from island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean (later known as the Isle of Bourbon) produced smaller beans and was deemed a different variety of Arabica known as Bourbon. This sort was ancestor of infamous Santos coffee of Brazil and the Oaxaca coffee of Mexico. Circa 1727, coffee trees spread to French Guinea. In 1893, the coffee from Brazil was introduced into Kenya and Tanzania (Tanganyika) (in Africa), not far from its place of origin in Ethiopia, 600 years prior, ending its transcontinental journey. The introduction of coffee to the Americas is attributed to France through its colonization of Martinique and the colonies of the West Indies where the first French coffee plantations were founded. In 1730, the British began cultivating coffee in Jamaica. Americans revolted against King George's Tea Tax and in 1773, the Continental Congress declared coffee the official national beverage. Coffee was taken to Hawaii in 1825. By 1887, coffee had made its way to Tonkin, Indo-China. In 1896, coffee was taken to Queensland, Australia. |
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Take a good cup of coffee. |
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